How America Got Hooked on Ultraprocessed Foods

Alice Callahan New York Times
Nov 14, 2025By Alice Callahan New York Times

The earliest processed foods promised ease and convenience

Humans have been processing food for millenniums. Neanderthals sizzled meat over open flames; hunter-gatherers ground wild wheat to make bread; and factory workers canned fruit for soldiers during the Civil War.

But in the late 1800s, food companies began concocting products that were wildly different from anything people could make themselve.

Coca-Cola was introduced in 1886.Jell-O in 1897. Crisco in 1911.Spam, Velveeta, Kraft Mac & Cheese and Oreos arrived in the following decades.

In the 1950s and ’60s, more women began working outside of the home, but were still expected to feed their families.

1970s-1990s - An Ultraprocessed Food Explosion

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